Which gland makes a number of hormones that control other glands and specific body functions, including growth and kidney function?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Adrenal gland
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Pancreas

Answer: (C)

The pituitary gland is the master regulator of the endocrine system. It releases hormones that stimulate other glands—such as thyroid-stimulating hormone to the thyroid, adrenocorticotropic hormone to the adrenal cortex, and FSH/LH to the gonads—while also producing growth hormone that drives growth and metabolism. It also releases antidiuretic hormone, which acts on the kidneys to regulate water balance. This combination of coordinating multiple glands and directly influencing growth and kidney function best fits the description. The other glands have important roles, but they don’t serve as the central regulator of the hormonal system in the same way.