Which gland produces hormones that influence kidney function?

• A. Pituitary gland
• B. Adrenal gland
• C. Pancreas
• D. Ovaries

Answer: (A)

The adrenal gland is the one whose hormones directly regulate kidney function. Its mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, signals the kidneys to reabsorb sodium (and water follows), while increasing potassium excretion. This directly changes urine volume, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure. The pituitary can influence kidney function indirectly through hormones that affect fluid balance (like ADH), but the direct regulator among these choices is aldosterone from the adrenal gland. The pancreas and ovaries don’t have a primary, direct role in controlling kidney function.